Global power dynamics in the modern era is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors, ranging from technological developments to geopolitical changes. In this context, there are three main pillars that define global power: economic, military, and cultural. The economic sector plays an important role in determining global power. Countries such as the United States and China continue to compete to hold a dominant position. China, through the Belt and Road Initiative, is trying to expand its influence to various parts of the world with infrastructure and investment. Meanwhile, the United States maintains its economic strength through technological innovation, such as in the information and communications technology sector. The military aspect is also an important part of power dynamics. On the part of the United States, huge military spending shows a commitment to remaining a global leader. In recent years, Russia and China have increasingly caught up with the modernization of their armed forces. Investments in defense technologies, such as cyber weapons and drones, are changing the way major powers interact. Culture also plays an important role in creating global power. Soft power, a term introduced by Joseph Nye, reflects a country’s ability to attract and influence without coercion. An example of its use is seen in American pop culture exports, such as films and music, which have had a major impact globally. China, through cultural initiatives such as Confucianism and films depicting positive narratives about the country, is seeking to increase its global appeal. This dynamic cannot be separated from new challenges, such as climate change, pandemics and the issue of the rise of nationalism. The consequences of these challenges encourage countries to collaborate, but they also create tensions. In this context, international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and other multilateral institutions play an important role in maintaining the balance of power and addressing global issues. Information and communications technology is also changing the way global power functions. With digital platforms, individuals and groups can voice opinions and mobilize the masses more quickly. Social media has become a tool for activism, but it has also become an information battlefield, where disinformation and propaganda can spread quickly. Turning to the social aspect, the emergence of countries that were previously not strong are now starting to show new potential. Countries in Africa and Southeast Asia, for example, are experiencing significant economic growth and are starting to gain attention on the global stage. Foreign investment and international cooperation are increasingly being undertaken to support development in this region. Global power dynamics in the modern era also reflect shifts in values. Social injustice, gender equality and human rights are increasingly becoming a global focus. Civil society movements in various countries are seeking to make political issues more diverse, involving previously marginalized voices. As a result, countries have had to adapt quickly. Diplomacy is used not only to achieve national interests, but also to meet global expectations regarding moral and humanitarian issues. By jointly addressing global challenges, new powers can emerge through solidarity and cooperation. With these various factors, global power dynamics in the modern era show that no single country can operate independently. Synergy between traditional powers and new powers is key in the global political and economic map. In an increasingly integrated world, understanding this complexity is critical to responding to existing challenges and opportunities.